Which amendment addresses unreasonable search and seizure?

The 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution specifically addresses the issue of unreasonable searches and seizures. It protects individuals from being searched or having their property seized without a warrant that is backed by probable cause. This amendment establishes the legal requirement that law enforcement must demonstrate that there is sufficient reason to intrude on a person's privacy or property. The language of the amendment reflects the belief in the sanctity of individuals' rights to privacy and security in their persons, houses, papers, and effects. This constitutional protection is fundamental to American law and civil liberties, ensuring that individuals are safe from arbitrary or unjustified governmental intrusions.

In contrast, the 1st Amendment focuses on rights related to freedom of speech, religion, and assembly; the 2nd Amendment addresses the right to bear arms; and the 8th Amendment deals with prohibitions against excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishments. Each of these amendments protects different rights but does not pertain to the specific principle of search and seizure protections established by the 4th Amendment.